Other codings of IEA design features

Variable

N of IEAs covered

Values

Link to dataset and coding manual

Reference users should cite

Measures whether or not the treaty includes monitoring provisions

N=211

147

Coding manualReplication ; Prot dta ; No prot dta

Bernauer et al. 2013

Indicates whether or not the treaty includes enforcement provisions

N= 211

65

Coding manualReplication ; Prot dta ; No prot dta

Bernauer et al. 2013

Measures whether an agreement includes dispute settlement provisions

N= 211

120

Coding manualReplication ; Prot dta ; No prot dta

Bernauer et al. 2013

Secretariat. Own secretariat = A ; existing secretariat = B

N= 211

A = 64 ; B = 94

Coding manualReplication ; Prot dta ; No prot dta

Bernauer et al. 2013

“Captures whether member countries are to be granted technical and/or financial assistance to meet the treaty’s goals”

N= 211

All = 23 ; developing = 25

Coding manualReplication ; Prot dta ; No prot dta

Bernauer et al. 2013

fund is to be used or to be established as a financial source.

N= 178

 

Codebook, dataset, and replication material

Mohrenberg et al. 2019

Fund usage across membership. Some members= A ; All members= B

N=178

 

Codebook, dataset, and replication material

Mohrenberg et al. 2019

Fund contribution. voluntarily =  A; mandatory al l= B ; mandatory some = C

N= 178

 

Codebook, dataset, and replication material

Mohrenberg et al. 2019

Breadth of TNAs allowed to participate at CoPs (no, unspecified, small, medium, full)

N= 178

 

Codebook, dataset, appendix and replication material

Koubi et al. 2021

Depth of transnational actors granted access (no, unspecific, observe, speak, vote)

N= 178

 

Codebook, dataset, appendix and replication material

Koubi et al. 2021

Permanence of transnational actors granted access (no, unspecified, ad hoc, conditional, permanent)

N= 178

 

Codebook, dataset, appendix and replication material

Koubi et al. 2021

Cross-references across phosphorous- and nitrogen- related instruments

N= 99

 

Instructions and dataset

Ahlström & Cornell 2018

Integrated regulation takes the form of international agreements that build on one another to manage a specific issue that had been regulated under an earlier agreement

 

 

Codebook and dataset

Appendix

Ovodenko 2016

Ovodenko 2017

Conservation and/or sustainable use of resources

N= 29

8

Table 2,354

Henckens et al. 2018

Protection of wild flora and fauna, environment and nature

N= 29

18

Table 2, page 354

Henckens et al. 2018

Precautionary principle

29

10

Table 2, page 354

Henckens et al. 2018

Inter-generational equity

29

6

Table 2, page 354

Henckens et al. 2018

Intra-generational equity

N= 29

5

Table 2, page 354

Henckens et al. 2018

Saving clauses. No mention = A; use existing international law = B; defer to past treaties if they are in the same spirit  = C defer to particular past treaties in the same policy field  = D; defer to particular past treaties in a different policy field = E; defer to all past treaties = F

N= 67

A = 21%; B = 35%; C  = 3%; D  = 15%; E = 4%; F = 21%

Data and codebook

Axelrod 2011

Policy functions delegated. Rule making = A;  Adjudication = B; Implementation = C; Monitoring = D; Enforcement = E

N= 152

A = 22%; B = 6%; C = 55%; D = 12%; E = 5%

Data

Green & Colgan 2013;

Actors responsible for delegated policy functions. States = A ; state agent(s)= B; an IO = C private actor = D

N= 152

 

Data

Green & Colgan 2013;

Preamble refers to human health

N= 2280

150

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Provisions that mention the importance of a resource to human health

N= 2280

20

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Substance or activity considered dangerous to human health

N= 2280

97

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Protection of human health as one of the objectives of the agreement

N= 2280

96

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Recognition of a right to health

N= 2280

12

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Precautionary principle related to human health

N= 2280

13

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Importer can impose a quarantine

N= 2280

54

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Parties should invest in national health services and capacities

N= 2280

4

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Exceptions and safeguards to preserve human health

N= 2280

61

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Harmonization of domestic measures related to health policy

N= 2280

10

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Provisions that compel or encourage the Parties to cooperate with the World Health Organization

N= 2280

6

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Provisions that compel or encourage the Parties to cooperate with health institutions other than the WHO

N= 2280

3

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Reference to World Health Organization (Excludes calls for cooperation, ratification, implementation and prevalence)

N= 2280

10

Codebook & Dataset

Morin and Blouin 2019

Presence or absence of “a secretariat to provide reporting and coordination”

N= 266

65%

Dataset

Al-Abdulrazzak et al. 2017

Presence or absence of “scientific mandates requiring periodic expert review and assessment”

N= 266

50%

Dataset

Al-Abdulrazzak et al. 2017

Presence or absence of “specific enforcement mechanisms to aid in implementation (e.g., compliance committees, boarding and inspection agreements, etc.)”

N= 266

13%

Dataset

Al-Abdulrazzak et al. 2017

Citation to trade agreements. Cooperation with WTO = A; Cooperation with UNCTAD = B; Cooperation with PTA = C; Cooperation with other trade institutions = D; Implementation of trade agreements = E; Prevalence of trade agreement = F; Ratification of trade agreement = G; Trade organization as depositary = H; Reference to WTO = I;  Reference to UNCTAD = J; Reference to PTA = K; Reference to other trade institution = L

N= 2602

A=2; B=4; C= 20; D= 20; E= 31; F= 13; G= 9; H= 13; I = 32; J= 6; K= 225; L=61

Codebook and dataset

Kim and Morin 2021

Additive Flexibility index, including: 1) exceptions to the main obligations; 2) the explicit possibility to make reservations; 3) a notification period of less than 12 months to withdraw from the agreement; 4) a minimum validity period of less than 5 years; 5) the possibility to withdraw partially from the agreement; 6) and a fixed duration for the agreement with the possibility of renewal.

N= 2090

From 0 to 3. Mean 0.878

Codebook and dataset

Morin, Tremblay-Auger, Peacock, 2021

 

 

Collective body. Clauses that either: (A) create a new collective body involving all parties, (B) establish a collective body with a subset of parties (C) or provide new functions to an existing collective body

N= 2090

865

Codebook and dataset

Morin, Tremblay-Auger, Peacock, 2021

Indicates that states completed an agreement (on water) that was integrated with an earlier agreement

 

 

Codebook and dataset

Ovodenko 2016

Membership eligibility. Close or Open.  

N= 517

Closed = 153; Open = 136

Dataset

Mitchell et al. 2020

Restriction basis for membership eligibility. IO/other treaty = A;

 Geography = B; By invitation = C; Designated states = D; Functional = E

N= 517

A= 80; B =60; C = 39; D = 26; E = 23

Dataset

Mitchell et al. 2020

Consent to be bound. Entry into force upon signature = A; Delay after conditions met = B; Delay after conditions met = C

N= 517

A = 88; B = 424; C=181

Dataset

Mitchell et al. 2020

Duration of the agreement. Indefinite = A language missing = B; Autoextension = C; Duration limited = D

N= 517

A= 72 B = 362; C = 55; D = 28

Dataset

Mitchell et al. 2020

Reservation. language missing = A; No reservation allowed = B; only ratification reservations = C; All reservations allowed = D; some reservation allowed =E

N= 517

A = 368; B = 81; C= 24; D = 23; E =21

Dataset

Mitchell et al. 2020

Citations between MEAs

N=637

1089 citations

Dataset and codebook

Kim 2013

Role of federated entities. (A) federated entities are authorized to sign, ratify or access the IEA; (B) federated entities must comply with obligations in the agreements; (C) IEA favours the participation of federated entities in its implementation; (D) federated entites have signed the IEAs N=2077 A=4; B= 34; C= 48; D=100 Dataset Morin, Fournier Paquin 2022
Environmental law principles: CBDR (A), precautionary principle (B) and polluter pays principle (C) N= 2720 

A= 48 B= 103 C= 58

Dataset and codebook Morin, Allan and Jinnah 2023
Amendment procedures  N= 847 main text and annex

Dataset and codebook

Bélanger and Morin 2023
Trade provisions N= 2104 47 different types of trade provisions

Dataset and codebook

Morin, Brandi and Schwab 2023